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Compare Spratly Islands (2002) - Andorra (2008)

Compare Spratly Islands (2002) z Andorra (2008)

 Spratly Islands (2002)Andorra (2008)
 Spratly IslandsAndorra
Administrative divisions - 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
Age structure - 0-14 years: 14.5% (male 5,433/female 4,984)


15-64 years: 71.2% (male 26,775/female 24,354)


65 years and over: 14.3% (male 5,074/female 5,202) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products - small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep
Airports 4 (2001) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Area total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea		 total: 468 sq km


land: 468 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative NA 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background This archipelago - surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits - is claimed in its entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. All five parties occupy certain islands or reefs. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes.
Birth rate - 8.45 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget - revenues: $333.5 million


expenditures: $386.6 million (2005)
Capital - name: Andorra la Vella


geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 31 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate tropical temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Coastline 926 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands		 conventional long form: Principality of Andorra


conventional short form: Andorra


local long form: Principat d'Andorra


local short form: Andorra
Death rate - 6.45 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Diplomatic representation from the US - the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: [34] (3) 280-2227; FAX: [34] (3) 205-5206
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant)


chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064


FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630
Disputes - international all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island; in 2000, China joined ASEAN discussions towards creating a South China Sea "code of conduct" - a non-legally binding confidence building measure none
Economic aid - recipient - $0
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for more than 80% of GDP. An estimated 11.6 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its partial "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.
Electricity - consumption - NA kWh
Electricity - exports - NA kWh
Electricity - imports - NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Electricity - production - NA kWh
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m		 lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m


highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Environment - current issues NA deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)
Exchange rates - euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Executive branch - chief of state: French Coprince Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007); represented by Philippe MASSONI (since 26 July 2002) and Spanish Coprince Bishop Joan Enric VIVES i SICILIA (since 12 May 2003); represented by Nemesi MARQUES i OSTE (since 30 July 2003)


head of government: Executive Council President Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA (since 27 May 2005)


cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president


elections: Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held in April-May 2009)


election results: Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA
Exports - $148.7 million f.o.b. (2005)
Exports - commodities - tobacco products, furniture
Exports - partners - Spain 59.5%, France 17.0% (2006)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield


note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - real growth rate - 3.5% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 38 N, 111 55 E 42 30 N, 1 30 E
Geography - note strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $1.879 billion (2005)
Imports - commodities - consumer goods, food, electricity
Imports - partners - Spain 53.2%, France 21.1% (2006)
Independence - 1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgel)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking, tobacco, furniture
Infant mortality rate - total: 4.03 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 4.37 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 3.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3.2% (2005)
International organization participation - CE, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA
Judicial branch - Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
Labor force - 42,420 (2005)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture: 0.3%


industry: 20.3%


services: 79.4% (2005)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 120.3 km


border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 2.13%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 97.87% (2005)
Languages - Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Legal system - based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the seven parishes; to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held on 24 April 2005 (next to be held in March-April 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 41.2%, PS 38.1%, CDA-S21 11%, other 9.7%; seats by party - PLA 14, PS 12, CDA-S21 2
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 83.52 years


male: 80.62 years


female: 86.62 years (2007 est.)
Literacy - definition: NA


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100%
Location Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Map references Southeast Asia Europe
Maritime claims NA none (landlocked)
Military - note Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Military branches - no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra
National holiday - Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
Nationality - noun: Andorran(s)


adjective: Andorran
Natural hazards typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals avalanches
Natural resources fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
Net migration rate - 6.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Andorran Democratic Center Party or CDA (formerly Democratic Party or PD); Century 21 or S21 [Enric TARRADO]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA [Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA] (formerly Liberal Union or UL); Social Democratic Party or PS [Jaume BARTUMEU CASSANY] (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND)
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2002 est.)		 71,822 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.842% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only -
Radio broadcast stations - AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions - Roman Catholic (predominant)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.099 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.975 male(s)/female


total population: 1.079 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges


international: country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain
Telephones - main lines in use - 35,400 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 64,600 (2005)
Television broadcast stations - 0 (1997)
Terrain flat rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Total fertility rate - 1.31 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate - 0% (1996 est.)
Waterways none -
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